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During the last 10-15 years, the use of nucleic acid based methods (DNA and RNA), most notably quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), has grown substantially in the environmental restoration industry. The reasons for this enthusiasm are simple: DNA can be extracted directly from groundwater, soil, or sediment samples avoiding the biases associated with traditional cultivation techniques (plate counts) and qPCR assays quantify specific bacteria (i.e. dehalococcoides) or specific biological processes responsible for contaminant biodegradation providing a more direct, accurate, and sensitive method to evaluate bioremediation as a corrective action.
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